Difference between revisions of "Expert system"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | An expert system is a '''rule-based system''' that attempts to reproduce the performance of one or more human experts, most commonly in a specific problem domain and is a traditional application and/or subfield of artificial intelligence. | + | An '''expert system''' is a '''rule-based system''' that attempts to reproduce the performance of one or more human experts, most commonly in a specific problem domain and is a traditional application and/or subfield of artificial intelligence. |
Expert systems are most valuable to nuclear organisations which have a high-level of know-how experience and expertise that cannot be easily transferred to other members. They are designed to carry the intelligence and information found in the intellect of experts and provide this knowledge to other members of the organization for problem-solving purposes. | Expert systems are most valuable to nuclear organisations which have a high-level of know-how experience and expertise that cannot be easily transferred to other members. They are designed to carry the intelligence and information found in the intellect of experts and provide this knowledge to other members of the organization for problem-solving purposes. | ||
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In expert system technology, the knowledge base is expressed with natural language rules '''IF ... THEN ...''' For examples : | In expert system technology, the knowledge base is expressed with natural language rules '''IF ... THEN ...''' For examples : | ||
| − | "IF it is living THEN it is mortal" | + | '''"IF''' it is living '''THEN''' it is mortal" |
| − | "IF his age = known THEN his year of birth = date of today - his age in years" | + | "'''IF''' his age = known '''THEN''' his year of birth = date of today - his age in years" |
This formulation has the advantage of speaking in everyday language which is very rare in computer science (software is coded). Rules express the knowledge to be exploited by the expert system. There exists other formulations of rules, which are not in everyday language, understandable only to computer scientists. Each rule style is adapted to an engine style. The whole problem of expert systems is to collect this knowledge, usually unconscious, from the experts. There are methods but almost all are usable only by computer scientists. | This formulation has the advantage of speaking in everyday language which is very rare in computer science (software is coded). Rules express the knowledge to be exploited by the expert system. There exists other formulations of rules, which are not in everyday language, understandable only to computer scientists. Each rule style is adapted to an engine style. The whole problem of expert systems is to collect this knowledge, usually unconscious, from the experts. There are methods but almost all are usable only by computer scientists. | ||
Revision as of 13:11, 9 March 2016
Definition
A data processing system that provides for solving problems in an expert manner within a given field or application area, by drawing inferences with the aid of a knowledge base developed from human expertise. An expert system is a branch of artificial intelligence. See Artificial intelligence and Knowledge base
Description
An expert system is a rule-based system that attempts to reproduce the performance of one or more human experts, most commonly in a specific problem domain and is a traditional application and/or subfield of artificial intelligence.
Expert systems are most valuable to nuclear organisations which have a high-level of know-how experience and expertise that cannot be easily transferred to other members. They are designed to carry the intelligence and information found in the intellect of experts and provide this knowledge to other members of the organization for problem-solving purposes.
There are generally three individuals having an interaction with expert systems. The main one is the end-user - the individual who uses the system for its problem solving assistance.
In the building and maintenance of the system there are two other roles: the problem domain expert who builds and supplies the knowledge base providing the domain expertise, and a knowledge engineer who assists the experts in determining the representation of their knowledge, enters this knowledge into an explanation module and defines the inference technique required to obtain useful problem solving activity.
Usually, the knowledge engineer will represent the problem solving activity in the form of rules which is referred to as a rule-based expert system. When these rules are created from the domain expertise, the knowledge base stores the rules of the expert system.
What does it mean 'Rule-based system'?
In expert system technology, the knowledge base is expressed with natural language rules IF ... THEN ... For examples : "IF it is living THEN it is mortal" "IF his age = known THEN his year of birth = date of today - his age in years"
This formulation has the advantage of speaking in everyday language which is very rare in computer science (software is coded). Rules express the knowledge to be exploited by the expert system. There exists other formulations of rules, which are not in everyday language, understandable only to computer scientists. Each rule style is adapted to an engine style. The whole problem of expert systems is to collect this knowledge, usually unconscious, from the experts. There are methods but almost all are usable only by computer scientists.
Typical areas of expert system applications:
- Troubleshooting technology issues (e.g. “Equipment was not work correct”);
- Medical diagnostics (e.g. "I have a pain in my lower abdomen, what should I do?");
- Product selection (e.g. "Which device is optimal for my system?)
